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1985-10-25
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/=========\
| T-SHARE | (3.6)
\=========/
Marty Ross
c/o Computing Resource Center
10801 National Blvd., Third Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Release: 3.6, 10/18/85 with TSHDSKO, TSHDSKO, and TSHPRT
By: Marty Ross
System: IBM-PC with standard communications adapter (COM:)
Requirements: Tested using PC-DOS 2.0/2.1, 128K or larger PC preferred.
Abstract: TSHARE is a demonstration terminal emulator, showing the
capability of the IBM-PC to multitask, in a practical way.
Distribution: I am distributing this preliminery version freely, in hopes to
stimulate interest and feedback. No fee may be charged, and
this document must accompany the program(s) documented herein.
Description: TSHARE is a "background" terminal emulator. Unlike most
terminal programs for the IBM-PC which 'tie up' the computer,
TSHARE, once activated, can be used simultaneously with almost
any other application.
Features: Other than its ability to share the IBM-PC with foreground
tasks, TSHARE supports a typeahead line turnaround protocol,
which may be used on many IBM mainframe systems (e.g. VM/SP)
to enable a 'typeahead' capability. Also, HALF DUPLEX operation
may be selected for systems which don't 'echo' characters sent.
Additionally, it is possible to control the effect of incoming
BELL characters which usually sound the PC speaker when sent
to the video monitor. Many host systems send bells to alarm the
user on the remote terminal: perhaps a message from another user
or from the system operator has just been sent and deserves at-
tention. TSHARE allows a degree of control over these bells,
such as ignoring all but the first BELL in a multiple bell
sequence, for instance, thus shortening the hideous three BELL
sequence of VM/SP's MESSAGE command, etc. Run-time options
allow TSHARE to silence incoming bells when in terminal mode,
and/or to beep the PC speaker when not in terminal mode and a
bell character (pending message) is received. When using the
second option, the user can remain offline (doing work in the
foreground) without needing to occasionally glance into terminal
mode to see if any pending messages exist; each BELL received
from the line immediately causes his speaker to sound, telling
him that a message is pending on his terminal.
With its new device driver facility, TSHARE now has the
ability to perform text file UPLOAD and DOWNLOAD in the
background, thus freeing up your PC during those lengthy file
transfers. No binary file transfer driver has yet been
developed for TSHARE. As of this release, the only TSHARE
drivers are TSHDSKI (TSHare DiSK file-Inject, for DOWNLOAD),
TSHDSKO (for UPLOAD), and TSHPRT (send TSHARE console output
to the printer). Each driver provides resident code which
interfaces with TSHARE and performs its specific I/O task.
For more information on TSHDSKI, TSHDSKO, or TSHPRT, please
see the discussion below under "Usage".
The last "feature" I will mention really should be standard
for any terminal program: the ability to transmit a break
signal to the host computer (required by many half duplex hosts
which cannot watch for control characters like ^C and ^S).
While in terminal mode, simply hit <Ctl>+<Break>. If you
hit <Ctl>+<Break> while NOT in terminal mode then the break
will not be transmitted to the host, but to your operating
system, probably causing your program to abort: beware.
Files: TSHARE is distributed in at least two parts: NEW14H.COM,
which by itself provides a powerful enhancement to the
communication ability of the IBM-PC, and TSHARE.COM,
the application component. Other optional components
include WKB.COM, the window keyboard enhancement designed
for use with TSHARE under VM/SP, and future CRC integral
products. Files TSHDSKI.COM and TSHDSKO.COM provide disk I/O
under TSHARE, allowing the UPLOAD or DOWNLOAD of text files
(NOT *.COM, *.EXE, or other files which require a binary file
transfer technique). TSHPRT.COM is similar to TSHDSKO.COM
in that it will download textual data; TSHPRT sends all console
output during a TSHARE terminal session to your printer.
Finally, in tandem with TSHARE (not a subsidiary program), is
HOST.COM, which provides a secondary console for your PC by
using the asynchronous adapter ports COM1: and/or COM2:.
Usage: To use TSHARE or HOST, first install the NEW14H resident driver,
and initialize the communication port for the desired baud and
parity settings (the MODE command works well for this). Then
invoke the desired driver (TSHARE or HOST) by supplying it any
desired options, and the port number you are using. If no port
number specified, COM1 will be used.
In the following example,
A>mode com1:1200,e,7,1
A>tshare -hvn 2
we want TSHARE with the "H", "V", and "N" options, using COM2
set for 1200 baud, even parity, one stop bit.
For more information on HOST, see file HOST.DOC, or if you
have HOST.COM, simply type "HOST ?", from DOS.
When properly installed, TSHARE can be activated one of two
ways. The primary method is to use the Shift-PrtSc key, which
TSHARE takes over. This becomes the "toggle" which gets you
into, and out of terminal mode. Additionally, TSHARE can be
activated from the DOS command line by using its "T" option.
To change transmission settings, such as baud rate, simply
issue the appropriate DOS MODE command at any time.
TSHARE options:
B - Ignore bells when online
G - Graphics characters displayed
H - Half Duplex. Echo input characters
N - Notify if bell & offline
M - Turn on missing interrupt handler
P - Pass attention through
T - Toggle terminal "online"
S - Set NEW14H XON/XOFF protocol on
Q - Cancel NEW14H XON/XOFF protocol
V - VM "typehead" line turnaround
_ - Do not change cursor
I will not go into the details of each here; however, two are
worth a little discussion. The "M" option turns on a facility
which should not be necessary, but should be tried if you exp-
erience many terminal lock-ups while using TSHARE. It causes
the 'interrupt enable register' of your RS232 (modem device) to
be refreshed each half a second, so that, at most, your terminal
should only lock-up for a short period. I don't know exactly
why the lock-ups occur, but my hunch is that other code in the
machine is causing interrupts to be lost on COM1: and COM2:.
Pressing the <Ctl>+<Break> key, in addition to sending a break
signal, also performs this same function, so that you can
recover from a locked terminal even when the "M" option was not
specified. Another TSHARE option worth note is the "P" option
which may not have an obvious effect: it causes your [PrtSc] key
to activate not only TSHARE, but whatever existed as a function
of that key before TSHARE was activated. For instance, WKB or
HOST can be toggled on/off in tandem or simultaneously with
TSHARE with proper use of this feature. If you use this option
when no other TSHARE related drivers are installed, then the
Print-Screen function will occur whenever TSHARE is switched on
or off (using the [PrtSc] key).
After TSHARE is installed and with a connection established,
the program TSHDSKI.COM can be used to transnmit a disk file
over the communications line. The UPLOAD, as this is referred
to, happens as though the file specified was typed directly into
your terminal keyboard, therefore binary files may not transfer
correctly. The program TSHDSKO.COM can be used to create a copy
of your terminal session on a disk file, while TSHPRT.COM will
route a copy to your printer. Both of the latter programs pro-
vide the ability to DOWNLOAD text files. Formal .DOC for
TSHARE drivers is not provided here; invoking the driver with
a question mark as the only argument will provide help.
To refresh your memory after learning about TSHARE, or for
complete syntax rules for activating TSHARE, type "TSHARE ?"
in DOS for a help screen. The same applies to all the other
TSHARE drivers (as mentioned above), and the NEW14H program.
Installation;
A Summary:
There are four steps necessary to activate TSHARE so that
it may be used as a terminal emulator:
1.) Initialize PC-DOS
2.) Install the NEW14H communication enhancements
3.) Install the TSHARE application component
4.) Initialize the COM: port for desired baud/parity
(TSHARE DOES NOT DO THIS: USE PC-DOS "MODE.COM")
A typical installation sequence (which can be combined into
a .BAT file, such as "AUTOEXEC.BAT"):
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| |
(1) | <ALT>+<CTL>+<DEL> ... |
| |
| IBM Disk Operating System |
| Version 2.xx ... |
| |
(2) | A>new14h |
| New14H - 2.x - (C) Copyright 1985, by Marty Ross |
| Auxiliary COM1: port driver active. |
| |
(3) | A>tshare |
| TSHARE - 3.x - (C) Copyright 1985, by Marty Ross |
| (Using NEW14H ver 2.x) |
| |
(4) | A>mode com1:300,n,8 |
| |
| A>rem TSHARE can now be "called up" anytime until |
| A>rem we re-boot (CTL+ALT+DEL), by pressing |
| A>rem '<SHIFT>+[PrtSc]', unless another program |
| A>rem redefines our interrupts. |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1.
Notice that after running the TSHARE program, we came back to DOS.
To reiterate, TSHARE works in the background, and is transparent to
the DOS user, until he switches into terminal mode. From any
subsequent environment[1], terminal mode may be entered by pressing
the <SHIFT>+[PrtSc] keys together[2]. For example, while assembling
a lengthy program using the Macro Assembler, if TSHARE is active,
press <SHIFT>+[PrtSc], and initiate a terminal session:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| A>masm myprog |
| Object file [MYPROG.OBJ]: |
| Listing file [NUL]: |
| Cross Reference [NUL]: |
| |
| T-Share: ON COM1: |
| |
| AT TD 1-213-829-1487 |
| CONNECT |
| |
| VM/370 ONLINE |
| |
| ._ |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2.
First, we started our foreground task (the assembler), then we
switched into terminal mode by pressing <SHIFT>+[PrtSc]. TSHARE
indicated our terminal status, and immediately placed us online
(in example, to a Hayes Modem), from where we can start/continue
our current terminal session.
Note that if the foreground task sends output to the screen, it will
be interleaved with our terminal output. In future versions, it may
be possible to re-route, ignore, or accumulate foreground output.
It would be easy to implement a split-screen where a given portion
of the screen would be 'dedicated' to terminal output, while the rest
will display the output from the foreground task (see 'Directions:').
If we switch back to the foreground task (get out of terminal mode)
before concluding our terminal session, then any data which comes in
over the communication line is saved (because of NEW14H interrupt
facilities: up to 32K of data), and will be quickly displayed by
TSHARE, until it is 'caught up' with the incoming data. To freeze
the fast display of buffered data, use <Ctrl>+<S>. Any character
will cause the listing to resume.
In order to transmit a break signal (approx 500 millisecond MARK
state), while in terminal mode only, use the <Ctrl>+[Break] key
pair. In terminal mode, this action does not affect the foreground
task.
Why TSHARE?: TSHARE was written because I do alot of compilation using
a good, but slow compiler. I purchased a COM1: port in order
to facilitate my interaction with our large computer at work,
only to find that I really needed an extra terminal for use
when my PC was busy churning away on my programs. I found it
unforgivable that none of the other popular terminal programs
would use the (almost) wonderful multi-tasking capabilities of
the IBM-PC, and therefore my investment in additional hardware
was less attractive because I couldn't use it most of the time!
By using the communication interrupts (NEW14H) and a simple
byte multiplexor scheme (attached to the PC-BIOS timer INT 8),
TSHARE, once installed, has effective control over the com-
munication line even while other programs are running.
For example, I leave my PC connected to the mainframe during
the day using TSHARE's "notify" option, which rings my PC's
speaker if someone sends me a message (a bell character)
from the mainframe. Though I may be in an editor, or waiting
for a compiler, I can easily toggle into TSHARE, read the
(still pending) message, and respond to the sender -- my PC
keeps right on with what it was doing in the meantime. Any
data received on the line is continuously buffered until you
switch into terminal mode so that you don't miss anything.
Future Future versions of TSHARE will necessarily incorporate a
Directions: file transfer protocol; perhaps XMODEM. Also, ANSI emulation
is on the agenda since full-screen support over low speed lines
will shortly be available for our VM/SP system. Thus, IBM
3270 style communication or other formatted screen support
will be possible. Alternatively, a terminal window can
be used so that both foreground and background tasks can
be monitored on the same screen, without confusion, as may
result with this version's scheme of interleaving both
terminal and foreground output.
Also, with TSHARE's communication system, it would be
relatively easy to create pop-up shingles (boiler-plates,
menus, status reports, etc) to allow modification of TSHARE
settings. Currently, these functions must be done from the
DOS command line, thus decreasing the ability of TSHARE to
work completely in the background.
Disclaimer: Though I've tested TSHARE under varying conditions, I cannot
guarantee that TSHARE will work in every case/PC configuration.
Also, I suggest you use caution when using TSHARE in new
situations (foreground programs, etc): I will not be liable
for any damage caused, but would like to be informed if any
undesireable TSHARE interactions occur. Please write me.
About the Author:
Marty Ross is a consultant for the Computing Resource Center,
a data processing firm in Los Angeles. CRC uses the IBM VM/SP
operating system to provide its clients with an interactive
method to access popular mainframe data handling facilities,
such as SAS, PL/1, FORTRAN, and the On-Line Data System,
CRC's own database management product. For microcomputers,
CRC has released a Statistics/Data Analysis and Graphics
package for the IBM-PC called STATA, the Data Tool, which
features standard statistical (regression) analyses, excellent
data handling capabilities, and a wide variety of experimental
data analysis techniques with STATA/Graphics. If you are
interested in obtaining a DEMO copy of STATA, please call CRC
on their toll-free number: 1-800-782-8272 outside California,
or dial them directly at (213) 470-4341. Be sure to tell them
that Marty sent you!
----------------------------
[1] NEW14H, and therefore TSHARE will be destroyed by programs such as BASIC
or BASICA which re-define the communication interrupt driver(s). Also,
only "nice" programs which do not 'steal' the keyboard, video, PrtSc,
or timer interrupts may be used successfully with TSHARE.
[2] Perhaps it is unfortunate that TSHARE uses the <SHIFT>+[PrtSc] key
thus disabling it as a "print screen" function. Remember, however;
this is only a demonstration program and was not written with profes-
sional intent. If enough interest is shown, future versions will
be released to those contributing new ideas, free of charge.
-----------------------------
/=========\
| T-SHARE | (3.6)
\=========/
Marty Ross
c/o Computing Resource Center
10801 National Blvd., Third Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Comments?
Can you use TSHARE?
Name: _________________________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
If you feel TSHARE contributes to your effectiveness, then please let
me know by sending a donation of $10.00 or whatever you feel is ap-
propriate. TSHARE was developed in my spare time, and is now not a
commercial effort of CRC. I will continue to develop products like
TSHARE for those who show interest - provided I can afford it. Users
who make contributions will be entitled to a single sided diskette
of other PC-DOS utilities I've developed while at CRC: please include
your name and return address when sending donations!
P.S. - If its the $10.00 that keeps you from filling this out, forget
about the money, it's the feedback I really want.